{"id":14014,"date":"2014-08-01T11:17:38","date_gmt":"2014-08-01T11:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.awgp.pt\/testes\/?p=14014"},"modified":"2025-04-22T15:14:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T15:14:44","slug":"temporary-title-14014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.awgp.pt\/testes\/temporary-title-14014\/","title":{"rendered":"Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style>[cmsmasters_row data_width=&#8221;boxed&#8221; data_padding_left=&#8221;3&#8243; data_padding_right=&#8221;3&#8243; data_top_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bot_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_color=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bg_position=&#8221;top center&#8221; data_bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; data_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; data_bg_size=&#8221;cover&#8221; data_bg_parallax_ratio=&#8221;0.5&#8243; data_padding_top=&#8221;0&#8243; data_padding_bottom=&#8221;50&#8243;][cmsmasters_column data_width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][cmsmasters_text animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl.\u00a02014;244:82-9; discussion 89. doi: 10.3109\/00365513.2014.936694.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Coad J<sup>1<\/sup>,\u00a0Pedley K.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world and disproportionately affects women and children. Stages of iron deficiency can be characterized as mild deficiency where iron stores become depleted, marginal deficiency where the production of many iron-dependent proteins is compromised but hemoglobin levels are normal and iron deficiency anemia where synthesis of hemoglobin is decreased and oxygen transport to the tissues is reduced. Iron deficiency anemia is usually assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels but this approach lacks both specificity and sensitivity. Failure to identify and treat earlier stages of iron deficiency is concerning given the neurocognitive implications of iron deficiency without anemia. Most of the daily iron requirement is derived from recycling of senescent erythrocytes by macrophages; only 5-10 % comes from the diet. Iron absorption is affected by inhibitors and enhancers of iron absorption and by the physiological state. Inflammatory conditions, including obesity, can result in iron being retained in the enterocytes and macrophages causing hypoferremia as a strategic defence mechanism to restrict iron availability to pathogens. Premenopausal women usually have low iron status because of iron loss in menstrual blood. Conditions, which further increase iron loss, compromise absorption or increase demand, such as frequent blood donation, gastrointestinal lesions, athletic activity and pregnancy, can exceed the capacity of the gastrointestinal tract to upregulate iron absorption. Women of reproductive age are at particularly high risk of iron deficiency and its consequences however there is a controversial argument that evolutionary pressures have resulted in an iron deficient phenotype, which protects against infection.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KEYWORDS: <\/strong>Absorption; blood donation; cognitive function; hepcidin; iron deficiency without anemia; nutrition; obesity<\/p>\n<p>[\/cmsmasters_text][cmsmasters_text animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>[pdf-embedder url=&#8221;https:\/\/staging.awgp.pt\/testes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Iron-deficiency-and-iron-deficiency-anemia-in-women.pdf&#8221; title=&#8221;Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>[\/cmsmasters_text][\/cmsmasters_column][\/cmsmasters_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[cmsmasters_row data_width=&#8221;boxed&#8221; data_padding_left=&#8221;3&#8243; data_padding_right=&#8221;3&#8243; data_top_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bot_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_color=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bg_position=&#8221;top center&#8221; data_bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; data_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; data_bg_size=&#8221;cover&#8221; data_bg_parallax_ratio=&#8221;0.5&#8243; data_padding_top=&#8221;0&#8243; data_padding_bottom=&#8221;50&#8243;][cmsmasters_column data_width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][cmsmasters_text animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243;] Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl.\u00a02014;244:82-9; discussion 89. doi: 10.3109\/00365513.2014.936694. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women. Coad J1,\u00a0Pedley K. Abstract Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world and disproportionately affects&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,97],"tags":[121,122,123,127,124,125,126,84,128,130,129],"class_list":["post-14014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anemia-mulher","category-artigo-cientifico","tag-absorption","tag-blood-donation","tag-dadiva-de-sangue","tag-deficiencia-de-ferro-sem-anemia","tag-hecidin","tag-hepcidina","tag-iron-deficiency-without-anemia","tag-nutricao","tag-nutrition","tag-obesidade","tag-obesity"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women - AWGP - Testes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women - AWGP - Testes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[cmsmasters_row data_width=&#8221;boxed&#8221; data_padding_left=&#8221;3&#8243; data_padding_right=&#8221;3&#8243; data_top_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bot_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_color=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bg_position=&#8221;top center&#8221; data_bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; data_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; data_bg_size=&#8221;cover&#8221; data_bg_parallax_ratio=&#8221;0.5&#8243; data_padding_top=&#8221;0&#8243; data_padding_bottom=&#8221;50&#8243;][cmsmasters_column data_width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][cmsmasters_text animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243;] Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl.\u00a02014;244:82-9; discussion 89. doi: 10.3109\/00365513.2014.936694. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women. Coad J1,\u00a0Pedley K. Abstract Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world and disproportionately affects...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/staging.awgp.pt\/testes\/temporary-title-14014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AWGP - Testes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anemiawgp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-08-01T11:17:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-22T15:14:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/temporary-title-14014\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/temporary-title-14014\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/692d74175ec69da279706f08b0c063ee\"},\"headline\":\"Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-08-01T11:17:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-22T15:14:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/temporary-title-14014\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":387,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"absorption\",\"Blood donation\",\"d\u00e1diva de sangue\",\"defici\u00eancia de ferro sem anemia\",\"hepcidin\",\"hepcidina\",\"iron deficiency without anemia\",\"nutri\u00e7\u00e3o\",\"nutrition\",\"obesidade\",\"obesity\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Anemia Mulher\",\"Artigo cientifico\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/temporary-title-14014\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.awgp.pt\\\/testes\\\/temporary-title-14014\\\/\",\"name\":\"Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women - 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AWGP - Testes","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"pt_PT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women - AWGP - Testes","og_description":"[cmsmasters_row data_width=&#8221;boxed&#8221; data_padding_left=&#8221;3&#8243; data_padding_right=&#8221;3&#8243; data_top_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bot_style=&#8221;default&#8221; data_color=&#8221;default&#8221; data_bg_position=&#8221;top center&#8221; data_bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; data_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; data_bg_size=&#8221;cover&#8221; data_bg_parallax_ratio=&#8221;0.5&#8243; data_padding_top=&#8221;0&#8243; data_padding_bottom=&#8221;50&#8243;][cmsmasters_column data_width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][cmsmasters_text animation_delay=&#8221;0&#8243;] Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl.\u00a02014;244:82-9; discussion 89. doi: 10.3109\/00365513.2014.936694. 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